which of the following statements is true about correctional officers?

Although injection drug use may directly result in transmission of HIV, it is also associated with sexual activity that can increase the risk ofHIV acquisition. Women started working in corrections in the 1970's and now are becoming more accepted. Can inflation occur after an increase in the quantity of goods and services? In 2014, the mean annual wage for state correctional officers was ________. Inmates' belief that a correctional officer can and will punish disobedience gives the officer __________. When an officer is using "persuasive diplomacy" it is called ___________. Typically, at any single point in time, the number of incarcerated adults housed in prisons is approximately twice those in jails. By law, antiretroviral therapy must be available to all inmates who have HIV. "America is the land of the second chance and when the gates of the prison open, the path ahead should lead to a better life", was said by_______________. The states of________,Georgia and Texas are making extensive use of communtity service. The numbers for each year represent a sample taken at one point in time and represent persons with diagnosed HIV. Pretrial officers utilize discretion in making pretrial release decisions. Branding as a punishment for a crime was never practiced in the American colonies. Inmates skilled in legal matters are known as ________. Try it now. This system called for silence but allowed the inmated to work together in groups. that an officer had to run to a squad car for a chain cutter. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Annual Probation Survey, Annual Parole Survey, Annual Survey of Jails, Census of Jail Inmates, and National Prisoner Statistics Program, 1980-2016. More recent studies show that whites generally see misconduct as episodic and confined to individual officers, while blacks tend to see misconduct as a more entrenched aspect of . Among different racial/ethnic groups, blacks have the highest incarceration rates. The recidivism rate in the United States is ______. According to the text, for punishment to be effective as a deterrent it must be________,_________, and_______. It also been observed that the functions have only one asymptote. A person's race is a simple biological fact, and not a social construct. Which of the following statements is true? The first ten amendments to the United States Constitution are known as the ? Which of the following statements is true about a high percentage of lawsuits filed by inmates? Court litigation is a very slow, expensive, and piecemeal way to reform prisons. Those officers who supervise inmates in the prison athletic areas or recreational areas are called ___________. [24] Other strategies include access to condoms, regulated tattoo parlors in prison, and facility-based needle exchange programs. Some crimes are classified as felonies in one part of the country and as misdemeanors in another part of the country. [3] The total adult population in the correctional system in the United States, including local jails, state prisons, and federal prisons, increased significantly during the 1980s and 1990s (largely as a result of the crackdown on illegal drug use), peaked in 2008, and then leveled off (or slightly decreased) (Figure 4) and (Figure 5). c. The set of norms and values among prison inmates is called? A crime punishable by confinement in a local jail for a year or less is called? Some inmates with newly diagnosed HIV may require outside expert medical consultation. A. Currently, the predominant method of execution in the United States is? Until the middle of the twentieth century, courts followed a(n) ________ philosophy toward prison matters. [14,15], In the United States, the absolute number of men with HIV in state or federal prisons is consistently greater than the number of women by a ratio of more than 10 to 1, which is not surprising given the prison population is predominantly male. Time taken off an inmate's sentence for participating in certain activities such as going to school, learning a trade and working inprison is called _____________. In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court hold that inmates skilled in legal matters must be permitted to assist other inmates in preparing cases unless the government provides a reasonable alternative? The idea of probation and parole is to reintroduce the offender into society as a productive member. Added 11/4/2021 7:21:03 PM. [11,42] Several studies evaluating the impact of directly observed antiretroviral therapy in prisons have found that directly observed antiretroviral therapy does not necessarily lead to better medication adherence than self-administration. For more than 200 years, England practiced a form of criminal exile known as transportation. How can one compensate for the effects of price instability when constructing cost estimates using high-low or regression techniques? To which of the following due process protections are they NOT entitled? The first legislation authorizing parole in the United States was enacted in ___________. Which of the following statements is true about correctional officers? having to admit more inmates than there is available space. Collaborate with state and local offices administering benefit and entitlement programs to facilitate pre-release applications and benefit reinstatements. Incarcerated individuals who exhibit unique physical, mental, social and progammatic needs that distinguish them from other prisoners are called? Source: Iroh PA, Mayo H, Nijhawan AE. A national survey of a parole board members said that the most important factors in the decision to grant or deny parole was the _________. This is called__________. Which of the following statements is true? [11] Incarcerated women with HIV have an even higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders than their male counterparts. Paramedics from the adjoining firehouse were called and unsuccessfully tried to resuscitate the prisoner. Suicide is a threat to all persons involved in corrections. [6] From 2007 through 2018, Black individualsconsistently had higher prison incarceration rates were consistently higher among persons who are Black than those who are White(Figure 7). The first legally chartered American custodial institution for juvenile offenders was? The ________ is a theory that states that the inmate society arises as a response to the prison environment and the painful conditions of confinement. The conditional release of a prisoner, prior to completion of the imposed sentenced, under the supervision of the stateis called________. One study on recidivism demonstrated that the inmates who adjusted most successfully to prison life ________ to life in the free community upon release. The ________ model holds that the inmate society is shaped by factors external to the prison environmentspecifically, the preprison experiences and socialization patterns that inmates bring with them when they enter prison. Complete applications for medical services in conjunction with the inmate. [9] In a study conducted among male inmates in a Georgia state prison system, intra-prison transmission of HIV was associated with male-male sex in prison, receipt of tattoos while in prison, age older than 26 years, having served at least 5 years of the current sentence, Black race, and low body mass index upon entry to prison. What is one of the newest forms of prison contraband? The HIV Care Cascade Before, During, and After Incarceration: A Systematic Review and Data Synthesis. Pseudofamilies exist in men's prisons in the same manner they exists in women's prisons. Explain This graphic illustrates the concept that on any given day in the United States, there are significantly more individuals incarcerated in prisons than in jails. Having the inmate talk to a provider, a nurse, or a counselor at the follow-up clinic may help with concrete linkage to services. A search of a prisoner's cell is called a? According to Schmalleger, the ___________ adapts to prison by exploiting the minimal pleasures it offers. Source: Maruschak LM, Bronson J. HIV in Prisons, 2015Statistical Tables. Within a correctional facility, the health and safety considerations for an inmate may take priority over the right to confidentiality, but some have interpreted this to mean that all officers should know the HIV status of individuals who are incarcerated. Prisonization is the process by which new inmates learn about the prison subculture. [9,12,25] The CDC recommends hepatitis B vaccinationfor all incarcerated persons who do not have immunity to or active infection with HBV. The "poorhouse of the twentieth century" are? Jake is an inmate in a large state prison. Most inmates with HIV will qualify for free or low-cost medical treatment at clinics federally funded through the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Treatment Modernization Act of 2006. A ________ is an institutional setting in which people are cut off from the wider society and are expected to live according to institutional rules and procedures. The court held that prison officials could not lawfully demonstrate deliberate indifference to the medical needs of prisoners in the case of? The normal patterns of behavior expected of those holding particular social positions are called__________. Expedited HIV care may be necessary for special clinical circumstances including acute HIV,an acute opportunistic infection, and HIV during pregnancy. In the past, most studies viewed the problem of misconduct as one of individual problem officers, the so-called bad apples on the force. Over 5 percent of women are pregnant at the time of incarceration. Which of the following states paid its correctional officers the highest median annual wage in 2014? (2) Words such as SOMETIMES, MAY, GENERALLY, and POSSIBLY soften a statement and leave more room for the statement to be correct. Cognitive Psychology - Memory. Sex Transm Dis. As noted earlier, other non-HIV-related chronic medical conditions may also complicate care. In one instance, a single case of tuberculosis rapidly spread among the inmates living with HIV in one facility and ultimately 31 individuals developed tuberculosis. [48] Also, with short stays there may be inadequate time to collect a medical history, inquire about and verify current and previous medication regimens, or obtain the necessary antiretroviral medications before an individual is released. What is defined as the return to illegal activity after release from incarceration? Fewer than half of state prison systems have implemented routine HIV screening programs, despite the 2006 CDC recommendation for universal screening in correctional health care facilities. According to BJS, _______ percent of the people discharged from parole in 2006 completed the terms of their community supervision without returning to prison or jail or absconding. [20] Adequate discharge planning and linkage to community medical care upon release often fall short of practices recommended by the CDC and only 30% of individuals are retained in HIV medical care after 6 months in the community. Referral for mental health support as indicated. (1) Words such as ALL, NEVER, NONE, and EVERY harden a statement and indicate there are no exceptions. Which of the following cases launched the prisoners' rights movement? The average ratio of correctional officers to inmates in federal prisons in 2015 was ________. Prison construction is estimated to be at______a year. Unfortunately, this practice limits inmates with HIV from transferring to facilities that may have unique work or school programs, and may result in persons with HIV being imprisoned far from visitors, thereby limiting or preventing visitations. [76] Inadequate data exist regarding HIV prevalence in community corrections and HIV testing rates are low in this setting. [4] The demographics of community corrections closely mirrors that of jail and prison settings, with disproportionate representation of poor, disadvantaged, and racial and ethnic minorities. See Answer See Answer See Answer done loading. A crime which is a violation of a local ordinance and is punishable by only a fine is called an? It is easy to state that one should not engage in sexual encounters, but it is harder to discuss and identify feelings that develop in correctional settings, such as transference and counter-transference feelings in a therapeutic relationship. The HIV care cascade model has been applied to the correctional system in order to identify disparities and improve performance at every stage along the HIV care continuum, from HIV diagnosis to linkage and retention in care to antiretroviral therapy and virologic suppression (Figure 15). At year-end 2014, 1 in _____ adults in the United States was under community supervision. A previous judicial decision that judges should consider in deciding future cases is called? They always seek the easy path and they plot to win the cushiest jobs. The process by which a court arrives at a final decision in a case is called? A jury found Murdaugh guilty of murdering his wife and son. The fundamental difference between jail and prison is the nature of their. Assume the male role in a homosexual relationship. Inmates should mind their own affairs and do their own time., Inmates should not inform the prison staff about the illicit activities of other prisoners., Inmates should be indifferent to the prison staff and loyal to other convicts., or Inmates should follow the prison rules and not cause trouble. In the United States, the average ratio of correctional officers to inmates across all states in 2012 was _____. The_______leads the United States in executions. Considering the high HIV prevalencein the correctional settings, it is imperative that strategies and systems are in place to maximize initiation and uninterrupted administration of antiretroviral therapy within jails and prisons. Late in a basketball game, a team often intentionally fouls an opposing player in order to stop the game clock. Robert-Francois Damiens was sentenced to be quartered publicly in Paris for attempting to kill? Indeed, for some individuals, the structured environment of incarceration may lead to better adherence to antiretroviral treatment than with their adherence in a community setting, regardless of how the medications are dispensed. A police force with integrity is one with little or no misconduct or corruption. These officers are an underutilized resource, perhaps because of the public's misunderstanding of their role. [22], Many have called for a comprehensive strategy to help stop HIV transmission within the correctional system, through interventions such as voluntary counseling and testing, disease prevention education, and treatment for substance use disorders. The Wickersham Commission was appointed by President__________________. High rates of turnover among corrections officers are the result of? ET for the sentencing for Alex Murdaugh. Which of the following is sacrificed so that prisons and jails can continue to operate in an efficient manner given the budget cutbacks? Brutality is normally construed as a tort rather than a constitutional issue. b) They represent a minor percentage of staff members in a prison. The prison population is higher today in the United States than at any time in our history. Cognitive Psychology Overview of Theory. In the past, sellers had more power than buyers, but now buyers have more power than sellers. All of these infection control strategies would also provide an opportunity to address prevention of infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is important given that as many as 41% of inmates have chronic HCV. consensual sex for gratification, sexual assault, voyeurism, or prostitution. The patterns of behavior expected of correctional staff members in particular jobs are called__________. [26,69] Individuals taking antiretroviral therapy at the time of discharge should receive an adequate supply of antiretroviral medication as a bridge from jail or prison release to an appointment with a community provider. According to your authors, the Three-State Recidivism Study concluded? Psychologists, psychiatrists, medical doctors, nurses, teachers and others who contract with the institution to provide services are called___________. Inmates who adopt the ________ lifestyle are primarily concerned with getting out of prison as soon as possible and avoiding hard time in the process. From the graph it has been observed that the functions grow exponentially. This answer has been confirmed as correct and helpful. ___________are locally operated correctional facilities that confine people before and after conviction. Antiretroviral medications are expensive and insurance no longer covers these medications after conviction; annual budgets in small- to moderate-sized jails are often too small to support payment for antiretroviral medications for even a limited number of persons with HIV. Calculate the probabilities for the center as shown in parts (a), (b), and (c ), and show that intentionally fouling the Portland Trail Blazers' center is a better strategy than intentionally fouling Jamal Crawford. Because of limited access to HIV specialists, some prison systems have attempted to cohort persons with HIV in one or two facilities that have the easiest access to the specialists they needed. Which of the following statements is true about correctional officers? What is described as the secret exchange of goods and services among inmates? [20], The landmark Supreme Court Estelle v. Gamble decision in 1976, which established that all incarcerated individuals have the right to adequate healthcare, provides the constitutional mandate for HIV care and access to treatment within the correctional setting. [45] Some prison-specific barriers include unauthorized medication confiscation, medication theft, medication stock-outs, and inability to access medications during lockdowns. In the typical noninstitutional medical setting, confidentiality in the context of healthcare is a protected entity under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). In adult court the offender is convicted; in juvenile court the offender is? What case launched the prisoners' rights movement? The term ________ is defined as the reduction of the original sentence given by executive authority, usually a state's governor. Restorative justice is especially concerned with repairing the harm to the offender. [11,26] For some inmates with HIV, the correctional setting may be their first engagement in HIV care, and during incarceration substantial gains may be made along all steps in the HIV care cascade, including increasing the percentages of persons taking antiretroviral therapy and achieving virologic suppression. The religious group________sometimes burned witches and unruly slaves; made wide use of the stocks, the pillory and ducking stool; branded criminal offenders; and forced women convicted of adultery to wear "scarlet letters". There are fewer women working as correctional officers than there are working as police officers. Because individuals with HIV in the correctional system often perceive that accessing HIV care may increase their risk of being subjected to violence due to stigma or homophobia, maintaining adequate privacy measures within the correctional system is of paramount importance. your answer. A. They have considerable discretion in discharging their duties within the constraints of rules, regulations, and policies., They represent a minor percentage of staff members in prisons., They have clear and specific guidelines on how to exercise their discretion., or They exist in isolation from the prison bureaucracy. Many states have resource manuals listing HIV care providers. They can replace any officer who is absent. At least_________ percent of the inmates who enter prisons eventually return to the community. Acorrectional agency that has the authority to grant parole is a called a ________. The buyer has always had more power than the seller. Answer: Corrections officers are primarily concerned with custody and control. Correctional Institutions. Revocation hearings usually begin with a violation report prepared by the probation officer. Serious crime in the United States continues to go down but the prison poplation continues to go up. After the American Revolution, England sent its prisoners to Scotland. Some correctional systems have arranged partnerships to allow processing of Social Security Administration (SSA) and Medicare applications before release, as recommended by the SSA and the Centers for Medicare and Medical Services. HIV Testing Implementation Guidance for Correctional Settings. Which of the following statements is true? The United States correctional system consists of local and tribal jails, state prisons, federal prisons, military and immigration facilities, and community correctional facilities, which includes probation and parole programs. Court will convene at 9:30 a.m. The Supreme Court has ruled that censorship in prisons is legal only if it furthers one of three substantial government interests. December 2018. This problem has been solved! April 26, 2018. A punishment that is grossly disproportionate to the offense as well as those that transgress today's broad and idealistic concepts of dignity, civilized standards, humanity and decency is said to be? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. B. Am J Public Health. Prosecutors have indicated they will seek life in prison . Criminologists Richard Hawkins and Geoffrey Alpert identified four general ways in which correctional officers respond to their jobs. [7] Since the state prison population is much larger than the federal prison population, it is not surprising the number of state prisoners with HIV far outnumbers the number in federal prison (Figure 9). True or False? Since you've received 80% or better on this quiz, you may claim continuing education credit. Which of the following statements regarding prison subcultures is true? The usual strategy is to intentionally foul the other team's worst free-throw shooter. To deal with the growing prison population England used floating prion ships called hulks. The most honorable form of punishment for men was decapitation with a sword. [44,45] In Connecticut, psychiatric disorders were common in the HIV-seropositive prisoner cohort and 45.6% were taking either antidepressants or antipsychotic medications. [9] Although the number of persons who have ever injected drugs is not routinely assessed in prison populations, a 2004 Bureau of Justice Special Report noted that 23% of persons in state prisonsand 18% of individuals in federal prisonsreported ever having used heroin/opiates. A place where the same people work, eat, sleep and engage in recreation together day after day is called? The first reformatory to implement an extensive parole program was ___________. [7], The higher prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) within correctional facilities can partially be explained by the high percentage of inmates with a history of injection drug use. [41] Prisoners may have concerns about confidentiality and/or lack trust in the prison health care system; these may compromise adherence and deter inmates from acknowledging their HIV status and accessing HIV care.[41,45]. The key to curbing recidivism of people who are mentally ill is to expand_______________into jails and prisons so that inmates can begin therapy the moment they walk into custody? If you're the victim of cyberbullying behavior, besides contacting your teacher or the school, Learning Resource Center can you go to find information. On any given day, more persons are housed in prisons than in jails, but over the course of a year the jail system encounters and houses many more distinct individuals; the higher total annual volume in a jail is due to much higher admission and release rates in jails than in prisons, where inmates typically have long sentences. [4,5] According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, at the end of 2016 the United States had approximately 2,162,400 adults in correctional facilities. Inmates should mind their own affairs and do their own time., Inmates should not inform the prison staff about the illicit activities of other prisoners., Inmates should be indifferent to the prison staff and loyal to other convicts., or Inmates should follow the prison rules and not cause trouble. (1) (a) Every law enforcement agency and correctional agency shall establish and put into operation a system for the receipt, investigation, and determination of complaints received by such agency from any person, which shall be the procedure for investigating a complaint against a law enforcement and correctional officer and for determining [10] Unfortunately, few correctional facilities currently offer medication-assisted treatment for opioid addiction, and many inmates continue to use illicit drugs while incarcerated if they are able to access the drugs. After release drop offs occur at every step of the HIV care cascade; linkage to HIV care and programs for reentry into HIV care are very important. Racism Identify the standard-setting professional associations in the field of corrections that have developed models of professionalism.The American Probation and Parole Association The American Jail Association The American Correctional Association Identify an accurate statement about education as a component of trueprofessionalism in Prisoners who were sent to Australia, and then committed further felonies, were sent to __________. Those officers assigned to security (or gun) towers, wall posts and perimeter patrols are called _____________. If the defendant accepts a penalty without admitting guilt it is called? Reward power. B. The use of___________in corrections and public policy is now considered the gold standard for policy and program development. You seem to have a popup blocker enabled. a. The nation's best-known prison hospice program is the one at? Here are a few major instances where an escalation to the use of force may be required: 1. Show transcribed image text. If a prosecutor drops charges after filing them, it is called? Values such as supportiveness, teamwork, perseverance, empathy, and caring enable officers to cope with post-traumatic stress; they are part of team of colleagues who care for their coworkers. Unions usually put the goals of the institution above the needs of individual officers. A jail where inmates are housed in small groups or pods, staffed 24 hours a day by specially trained officers who interact with the inmates is called a Second-Generation Jail. [6], In the United States, during the years 1991-2015 the annual number of persons with diagnosed HIV in state or federal prisons ranged from a high of 25,976 in 1998 to a low of 17,146 in 2015; from 1998 to 2015 the number and rate of persons with HIV in state or federal prisons declined (Figure 8). [18], It is important to recognize the overlap of incarceration and HIV, particularly for low-income people of color.

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