Best Known For: Pierre Trudeau was the 15th prime minister of Canada, famous for his youthful energy, his charismatic and controversial personality and his commitment to Canadian unity. [4] It is seen as advancing civil rights and liberties and has become a cornerstone of Canadian values for most Canadians. [67][68], On July 14, 1976, after long and emotional debate, Bill C-84 was passed by the House of Commons by a vote of 130 to 124, abolishing the death penalty completely and instituting a life sentence without parole for 25 years for first-degree murder. In no small part, it defined him. When Trudeau took office in 1968 Canada had a debt of $18billion (24% of GDP) which was largely left over from World War II, when he left office in 1984, that debt stood at $200billion (46% of GDP), an increase of 83% in real terms. Another skein in Trudeau's spirituality was a contemplative aspect acquired from his association with the Benedictine tradition. [149][150], This first budget, was one of a series of unpopular budgets delivered in response to the oil shock of 1979 and the ensuing severe global economic recession which began at the start of 1980. [94] As a diplomat, the devout Catholic Cadieux had served on the International Control Commission in 195455, where his experiences of witnessing the exodus of 2 million Vietnamese Catholics from North Vietnam to South Vietnam made him into a very firm anti-Communist. On 19 February 1969, the Chinese finally responded and agreed to open talks in Stockholm on establishing diplomatic relations, which began on 3 April 1969. At least five men were killed by gunfire and there were over 150 casualties and $300,000 in damage. [43][44] When he returned to Montreal in 1949, Trudeau quickly became a leading figure opposing Duplessis's rule. [202] Years later, on a train trip through Salmon Arm, British Columbia, he "gave the finger" to a group of protesters through the carriage window less widely remembered is that the protesters were shouting anti-French slogans at the train.[203]. In 1991, Trudeau welcomed a daughter, Sarah Elizabeth, with lawyer Deborah Coyne. [204], Trudeau is a 2002 television miniseries which aired on CBC Television. Trudeau's inheritance was worth around $1.2 million at the time, and his speaking fees garnered him more than $450,000 in his highest-earning year. AIR Awareness Outreach; AIR Business Lunch & Learn; AIR Community of Kindness; AIR Dogs: Paws For Minds AIR Hero AIR & NJAMHAA Conference He was also previously a teacher and actor. It wouldn't stop me from concentrating on my studies so long as that was possible[I]f you were a French Canadian in Montreal [at that time], you did not automatically believe that this was a just war. He accomplished this goal with the 1982 Constitution Act for Canada. Trudeau II: Maverick in the Making (2005, with Stphane Demers as the young Pierre, and Tobie Pelletier as Trudeau in later years) portrays his earlier life. [162] However, an apparent rebound in the polls prompted Turner to call an election for September 1984, almost a year before it was due. Justin Trudeau net worth. His mother, Grace Elliott, was of both French and Scottish descent, so Trudeau and his two siblings grew up speaking both French and English. When his father died in October 2000, a eulogy by Mr Trudeau at his state funeral brought him . Trudeau was backed by the NDP, Ontario Premier Bill Davis, and New Brunswick Premier Richard Hatfield and was opposed by the remaining premiers and PC leader Joe Clark. Trudeau's remarks in Havana were widely seen in the West as not only expressing approval of Cuba's Communist government, but also the Cuban intervention in Angola. [137], As the 1970s wore on, growing public exhaustion towards Trudeau's personality and the country's constitutional debates caused his poll numbers to fall rapidly in the late 1970s. He argues, "in the age of the mass society, it is no small advantage to foster the creation of quasi-sovereign communities at the provincial level, where power is that much less remote from the people. The Paper proposed the general assimilation of First Nations into the Canadian body politic through the elimination of the Indian Act and Indian status, the parcelling of reserve land to private owners, and the elimination of the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs. Trudeau joined the Montreal law firm Heenan Blaikie as counsel and settled in the historic Maison Cormier in Montreal following his retirement from politics. [146] Trudeau promised a new constitutional agreement should Quebec decide to stay in Canada, in which English-speaking Canadians would have to listen to valid concerns made by the Qubcois. Trudeau frequently displayed the logic and love of argument consistent with that tradition. [106] Ortoli refused Trudeau's request for a free trade agreement with the EEC, saying that was out of the question, but did agree to open talks on lowering tariffs between Canada and the EEC. He also continued to speak against the Parti Qubcois and the sovereignty movement with less effect. Astrological Sign: Libra, Death Year: 2000, Death date: September 28, 2000, Death City: Montreal, Quebec, Death Country: Canada, Article Title: Pierre Trudeau Biography, Author: Biography.com Editors, Website Name: The Biography.com website, Url: https://www.biography.com/political-figures/pierre-trudeau, Publisher: A&E; Television Networks, Last Updated: October 28, 2021, Original Published Date: April 2, 2014. In Montreal, where Trudeau made his home after retiring as Prime . He is from Canada. [120] In October 1973, Trudeau visited Beijing to meet Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, where Trudeau was hailed as "old friend"-a term of high approval in China. In other domestic policy, Trudeau pioneered official bilingualism and multiculturalism, fostering a pan-Canadian identity. Dubbed the "three wise men" by the media, they ran successfully for the Liberals in the 1965 election. Many of his policies evolved from the revolutionary ideas of the 1960s. However, many Liberals still had reservations, given that he had joined the party as recently as 1965. [121], In 1976, Trudeau, succumbing to pressure from the Chinese government, issued an order barring Taiwan from participating as China in the 1976 Montreal Olympics, although technically it was a matter for the IOC. By 1984 . While critics accused him of arrogance, of economic mismanagement, and of unduly centralizing Canadian decision-making to the detriment of the culture of Quebec and the economy of the Prairies,[5] admirers praised what they considered to be the force of his intellect[6] and his political acumen that maintained national unity over the Quebec sovereignty movement. [131], On September 1, 1972, over four years into the Liberals' five-year mandate, Trudeau called an election for October 30. Nathan Nemetz and Pierre Trudeau (receiving honorary degree), Lt. Gov. Trudeau wrote and spoke out against both the Meech Lake Accord and Charlottetown Accord proposals to amend the Canadian constitution, arguing that they would weaken federalism and the Charter of Rights if implemented. [95] In March 1969, Trudeau visited Washington to meet President Richard Nixon, where the meeting went very civilly, through Nixon came to intensely dislike Trudeau over time, referring to him in 1971 as "that asshole Trudeau" [96] Nixon made it clear to Trudeau that a Canada that remained in NATO would be taken more seriously in Washington than a Canada that left NATO. At the federal level, Trudeau faced almost no strong political opposition in Quebec during his time as Prime Minister. Not Available: He held his firs major political office as a Member of the Canadian Parliament in 1965. [105] Prompted by Halstead, who was known as a proponent of economic "rebalancing" by seeking closer economic ties with the EEC, Trudeau made a visit to Brussels in October 1973 to see Franois-Xavier Ortoli, the president of the European Commission. [145], In the debates in the legislature during the campaign leading up to the referendum Lvesque said that Trudeau's middle name was Scottish, and that Trudeau's aristocratic upbringing proved that he was more Scottish than French. [120] After the statement was issued, China and Canada established diplomatic relations on the same day. .css-m6thd4{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:Gilroy,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.2;font-weight:bold;color:#323232;text-transform:capitalize;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-m6thd4:hover{color:link-hover;}}Every Candidate in the 2024 U.S. Presidential Race, These 10 Jimmy Carter Quotes Will Inspire You, 4 U.S. Presidents Who Won the Nobel Peace Prize, How Little-Known Jimmy Carter Won the 1976 Primary, George H.W. His father was a French-Canadian businessman, His . The four-hour CBC production examines Trudeau's early life. [117] Trudeau hoped would be the Framework Agreement would be the first step towards a Canadian-EEC free trade agreement, but the EEC proved to be uninterested in free trade with Canada. The economy was booming, generating the cash that Ottawa required to fund its ever-expanding social safety net. Prime minister of Canada from 1968 to 1979 and 1980 to 1984, "Pierre Elliott Trudeau" redirects here. Justin Trudeau, left, and father Pierre at Kokanee Lake, B.C. [166] The book sold hundreds of thousands of copies in several editions, and became one of the most successful Canadian books ever published. Before Fame Though winning the popular vote by four points, the Liberal vote was concentrated in Quebec and faltered in industrial Ontario, allowing the PCs to win the seat-count handily and form a minority government. [27] Trudeau believed Lapointe had lied and broken his promise. [70] Five of the FLQ members were flown to Cuba in 1970 as part of a deal in exchange for James Cross' life, although they eventually returned to Canada years later, where they served time in prison. [147], In their first budget, delivered in October 1980 by Trudeau's long-time loyalist, Finance Minister Allan MacEachen, the National Energy Program was introduced. Robert Rogers, University of British Columbia. Trudeau's main national opponents were PC leader Robert Stanfield and NDP leader Tommy Douglas, both popular figures who had been Premiers, respectively, of Nova Scotia and Saskatchewan (albeit in Trudeau's native Quebec, the main competition to the Liberals was from the Ralliement crditiste, led by Ral Caouette). [190] In particular, Trudeau stated the following about socialists:.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, [R]ather than water down their socialism, must constantly seek ways of adapting it to a bicultural society governed under a federal constitution. At the end of Canada's centennial year in 1967, Prime Minister Pearson announced his intention to step down, and Trudeau entered the race for the Liberal leadership. [169] His son Justin delivered the eulogy during the state funeral which led to widespread speculation in the media that a career in politics was in his future. Young Leader. [188][unreliable source? The objection of the Quebec government to the new constitutional provisions became a source of continued acrimony between the federal and Quebec governments, and would forever stain Trudeau's reputation amongst nationalists in the province. [157] By the time Trudeau left office in 1984, the budget deficit was at a whopping $37 billion (fiscal year 19841985). [197] Trudeau's electoral successes were matched in the 20th century only by those of William Lyon Mackenzie King.[198][199]. During the convention, prominent Cabinet Minister Judy LaMarsh was caught on television profanely stating that Trudeau wasn't a Liberal. According to Wikipedia, Forbes, IMDb & Various Online resources, famous Politician Pierre Trudeau's net worth is $1-5 Million before He died. Court challenges based on the Charter have been used to advance the cause of women's equality, establish French school boards in provinces with majority anglophone populations, and provide constitutional protection to English school boards in Quebec. The first, Trudeau (2002, with Colm Feore in the title role), depicts his years as Prime Minister. Charles-mile Trudeau died suddenly in his early 40s of a heart attack, which his wife, Grace, blamed on the drinking and cigar-smoking lifestyle of businessmen of the day. Pierre Trudeau, who has died aged 80, was, but for a break of 10 months, Prime Minister of Canada from 1968 until 1984, and had claim to be the greatest Canadian prime minister of the 20th century. The image of the defiant prime minister impressed the public. According to Michel Gourgues, professor at Dominican University College, Trudeau "considered himself a lay Dominican". While official bilingualism has settled some of the grievances Francophones had towards the federal government, many Francophones had hoped that Canadians would be able to function in the official language of their choice no matter where in the country they were. About Us; Staff; Camps; Scuba. [39], In the summer of 1948, Trudeau embarked on world travels to find a sense of purpose. His criticisms of King's wartime policies, such as "suspension of habeas corpus", the "farce of bilingualism and French-Canadian advancement in the army," and the "forced 'voluntary' enrolment", was scathing.[28]. [101] The way that Canada cut its NATO contributions by 50% caused tensions with other NATO allies with the British government of Prime Minister Harold Wilson making a public protest at the cuts. All Rights Reserved. After the court decision, which prompted some reservations in the British parliament of accepting a unilateral request,[160] Trudeau agreed to meet with the premiers one more time before proceeding. In 1984, Trudeau was romantically involved with Margot Kidder (a Canadian actress famous for her role as Lois Lane in Superman: The Movie and its sequels) in the last months of his prime-ministership[184] and after leaving office.[185]. He consulted several people on his options, including Henri Bourassa, the economist Edmond Montpetit, and Father Robert Bernier, a Franco-Manitoban. His citation reads:[233]. Pierre Trudeau was the 15th prime minister of Canada, famous for his youthful energy, his charismatic and controversial personality and his commitment to Canadian unity. In 1991, Trudeau became a father again, with Deborah Margaret Ryland Coyne, to his only daughter, Sarah. His election as prime minister benefited from an unprecedented wave of youth involvement. In what was described as a "no holds-barred" style, Trudeau told Heath that the British arms sales to white supremacist South Africa were threatening the unity of the Commonwealth. He advised Governor General Jeanne Sauv to appoint over 200 Liberals to patronage positions. As the new leader of the governing Liberals, Trudeau was sworn in as Prime Minister on April 20. [73] After a strong backlash of popular opinion against the agreement in Quebec, Bourassa stated Quebec would not accept it. She married Pierre Trudeau, the 15th prime minister of Canada, in 1971; three years after he became prime minister.They divorced in 1984, during his final months in office. [46], An associate professor of law at the Universit de Montral from 1961 to 1965, Trudeau's views evolved towards a liberal position in favour of individual rights counter to the state and made him an opponent of Qubec nationalism. Trudeau actively supported the workers in the Asbestos Strike who opposed Duplessis in 1949. His role in this effort, and his related battles with Quebec on behalf of Canadian unity, cemented his political position when in office despite the controversies he facedand remain the most remembered aspect of his tenure afterwards. While he shot down a suggestion by one of his ministers to turn Canada into a republic in 1968, he treated the monarchy with a certain bemused contempt. [100] Ultimately, the fact the United States would be more favourably disposed to a Canada in NATO and the need to maintain cabinet unity led Trudeau to decide, despite his own inclinations, to stay in NATO. [102], Relations with the United States deteriorated on many points in the Nixon years (196974), including trade disputes, defence agreements, energy, fishing, the environment, cultural imperialism, and foreign policy. On February 29, 1984, a day after what he described as a walk through the snowy streets of Ottawa, Trudeau announced he would not lead the Liberals into the next election. [108] However, Trudeau was attached to the Commonwealth, believing it was an international body that allowed Canada to project influence in the Third World. The school, which was for both English and French Catholics, was an exclusive school with very small classes and he excelled in mathematics and religion. (Trudeau to the stake!). [94], In 19681969, Trudeau wanted to pull Canada out of NATO, arguing that the MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction) caused by a Soviet-American nuclear exchange made it highly unlikely that the Soviet Union would ever invade West Germany, thereby making NATO into an expensive irrelevance in his view. [131] In fact, Trudeau did press Castro in private to pull his troops out of Angola, only for Castro to insist that Cuba would pull its forces out of Angola only when South Africa likewise pulled its forces out of not only Angola, but also Southwest Africa (modern Namibia) as well. The Charter represented the final step in Trudeau's liberal vision of a fully independent Canada based on fundamental human rights and the protection of individual freedoms as well as those of linguistic and cultural minorities. Biography Timeline 1919 Pierre Elliott Trudeau: 1919-2000. Trudeau suppressed the 1970 Quebec terrorist crisis by controversially invoking the War Measures Act, the third and last time in Canadian history that the act was brought into force. [148] The western provinces blamed the devastating oil bust of the 1980s on the NEP which led to what many termed "Western alienation". He won a fourth election victory shortly afterwards, in 1980, and eventually retired from politics shortly before the 1984 election. Celebrity airports could there be a commercial benefit in naming? Los Angeles Times Staff Writer. Trudeaumania, as it was called, was the nickname given to the excitement brought on by throngs of teenagers who supported Trudeau. [106], Trudeau attached little importance to relations with Britain. Michel, died in an avalanche in British Columbia, Canada, in November 1998, at the age of 23. ("Long Live Cuba! [97], The NATO question badly divided the cabinet. To many westerners, Trudeau's policies seemed to favour other parts of the country, especially Ontario and Qubec, at their expense. [122] His action strained relations with the United States from President Ford, future President Carter and the press and subjected Canada to international condemnation and shame. [78], Trudeau's first government implemented many procedural reforms to make Parliament and the Liberal caucus meetings run more efficiently, significantly expanded the size and role of the Prime Minister's office,[79] and substantially expanded social-welfare programs.[80][81][82][83]. [47] In economic theory he was influenced by professors Joseph Schumpeter and John Kenneth Galbraith while he was at Harvard. Weight (Approx.) However, the academic wording and hypothetical solutions posed during the complex discussion led much of the public to believe he had declared capitalism itself a failure, creating a lasting distrust among increasingly neoliberal business leaders.[89]. [193] However, the passage of time has only slightly softened the strong antipathy he inspired among his opponents. Lapointe was aware that a new conscription crisis would destroy national unity that Mackenzie King had been trying to build since the end of World War I. However, Trudeau's ambitions in this arena have been overstated: Trudeau once said that he regretted the use of the term "bilingualism", because it appeared to demand that all Canadians speak two languages. Later, when he travelled to Japan as Prime Minister, he was promoted to shodan (first-degree black belt) by the Kodokan, and then promoted to nidan (second-degree black belt) by Masao Takahashi in Ottawa before leaving office. From the late 1960s until the mid-1980s, Trudeau's personality dominated the political scene to an extent never before seen in Canadian political life.
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